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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">(2.2.2)Kryptand</span></h1>
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<table class="wikitable infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Chemikalie" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Chemikalie">

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<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Strukturformel
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<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe-basis skin-invert-image" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
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<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Allgemeines
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<tr>
<td style="width:33%;">Name
</td>
<td>[2.2.2]Kryptand
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Andere Namen
</td>
<td>
<ul><li>4,7,13,16,21,24-Hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosan</li>
<li>Kryptofix<sup>®</sup>222</li>
<li>Crypt-222</li>
<li>[2.2.2]Cryptand</li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Summenformel" title="Summenformel">Summenformel</a>
</td>
<td>C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>36</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Kurzbeschreibung
</td>
<td>
<p>weißer Feststoff<sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Externe Identifikatoren/Datenbanken
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable" data-expandtext="+" data-collapsetext="−" style="border-top:none; margin:-1px; width:calc(100% + 2px);">

<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:33%;"><a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=23978-09-8">23978-09-8</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td>
<td style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; border-top:1px solid #FFDEAD; padding:0.2em 0; vertical-align:bottom; width:5%;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2">245-962-4
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.041.770">100.041.770</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/72801">72801</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.65637.html">65637</a>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td style="border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4596986" class="extiw external" title="d:Q4596986">Q4596986</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>








<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Molare Masse</a>
</td>
<td>376,49 g·<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>fest<sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>68–71 <a href="Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>














<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Sicherheitshinweise
</th></tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;">




<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="07 – Achtung"></a></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Achtung</b>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Verursacht Hautreizungen.">315</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.">319</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Kann die Atemwege reizen.">335</span></span></a>
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Einatmen von Staub / Rauch / Gas / Nebel / Dampf / Aerosol vermeiden.">261</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Kontakt mit den Augen: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „8. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Februar 2018)">305+351+338</span></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>




<tr>
<td><a href="Toxizit%C3%A4t" title="Toxizität">Toxikologische Daten</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>300–2000 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> (<a href="Letale_Dosis" title="Letale Dosis">LD<sub>50</sub></a>,&nbsp;<a href="Ratten" title="Ratten">Ratte</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Peroral" title="Peroral">oral</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr>






<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; font-size:80%; text-align:center; line-height:150%; padding:.25em;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a> (0 °C, 1000&nbsp;hPa).
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>[2.2.2]Kryptand</b> ist eine <a href="Chemische_Verbindung" title="Chemische Verbindung">chemische Verbindung</a> aus der Gruppe der <a href="Kryptand" class="mw-redirect" title="Kryptand">Kryptand</a>-Verbindungen.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gewinnung_und_Darstellung">Gewinnung und Darstellung</h2></div>
<p>Das Derivat Dibenzo[2.2.2]Kryptand<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>S 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kann durch eine mehrstufige Reaktion gewonnen werden. Dabei wird <a href="1%2C2-Dibromethan" title="1,2-Dibromethan">1,2-Dibromethan</a> und <a href="Kaliumcarbonat" title="Kaliumcarbonat">Kaliumcarbonat</a> in <a href="Dimethylformamid" title="Dimethylformamid">Dimethylformamid</a> zu 1,2-Bis(2-nitrophenoxy)ethan umgesetzt, das mit einem <a href="Katalysator" title="Katalysator">Katalysator</a> zu einem Diamino-Derivat umgesetzt wird, das wiederum mit 3,6-Dioxaoctandioyldichlorid<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>S 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> zu einem <a href="Lactam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactam">Lactam</a> reagiert. Dieses wird mit <a href="Lithiumaluminiumhydrid" title="Lithiumaluminiumhydrid">Lithiumaluminiumhydrid</a> zu einem Aza-Kronenether reduziert und im Folgenden mit 1,2-Ethylen-<i>O</i>,<i>O</i>-diglycolsäurechlorid und <a href="Diboran" title="Diboran">Diboran</a> zu [2.2.2]Kryptand umgesetzt.<sup id="cite_ref-DOI10.3390/molecules14093600_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOI10.3390/molecules14093600-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>[2.2.2]Kryptand ist ein weißer Feststoff,<sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> der in der Lage ist mit Metallkationen Komplexe (sogenannte <a href="Kryptate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kryptate">Kryptate</a>) zu bilden. Im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Komplexbildnern bilden die bicyclischen Aminopolyether auch mit Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallionen stabile Komplexe.<sup id="cite_ref-Rolf_K_Freier_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rolf_K_Freier-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Catherine_E._Housecroft,_A._G._Sharpe_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catherine_E._Housecroft,_A._G._Sharpe-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<p>Es wird in der <a href="Nuklearmedizin" title="Nuklearmedizin">Nuklearmedizin</a> zur Synthese spezieller Verbindungen (z.&nbsp;B. [<sup>18</sup>F]-<a href="Fluordesoxyglucose" title="Fluordesoxyglucose">Fluordesoxyglucose</a>) eingesetzt.<sup id="cite_ref-Hans-Jürgen_Biersack,_Leonard_M._Freeman_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hans-Jürgen_Biersack,_Leonard_M._Freeman-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Graham_L._Patrick_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham_L._Patrick-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Sigma-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_1-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_1-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_1-6">g</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Datenblatt <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/ALDRICH/291110">2.2.2-Cryptand, 98%</a></span> bei <a href="Sigma-Aldrich" title="Sigma-Aldrich">Sigma-Aldrich</a>, abgerufen am 31.&nbsp;Mai 2017 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/DE/de/sds/ALDRICH/291110?userType=anonymous">PDF</a>).<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DOI10.3390/molecules14093600-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DOI10.3390/molecules14093600_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yousry M. A. Naguib: <i>Synthesis of a [2.2.2] Cryptand Containing Reactive Functional Groups.</i> In: <i>Molecules.</i> 14, 2009, S.&nbsp;3600, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14093600" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.3390/molecules14093600">doi:10.3390/molecules14093600</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Rolf_K_Freier-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rolf_K_Freier_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rolf K Freier: <cite style="font-style:italic">Band 2, Aqueous Solutions / Wässrige Lösungen - Supplements / Ergänzungen</cite>. Walter de Gruyter, 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-085236-3, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>470</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=uZ5_b9ToE7kC&amp;pg=PA470#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:%282.2.2%29Kryptand&amp;rft.au=Rolf+K+Freier&amp;rft.btitle=Band+2%2C+Aqueous+Solutions+%2F+W%C3%A4ssrige+L%C3%B6sungen+-+Supplements+%2F+Erg%C3%A4nzungen&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783110852363&amp;rft.pages=470&amp;rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Catherine_E._Housecroft,_A._G._Sharpe-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Catherine_E._Housecroft,_A._G._Sharpe_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Catherine E. Housecroft, A. G. Sharpe: <cite style="font-style:italic">Inorganic Chemistry</cite>. Pearson Education, 2005, ISBN 0-13-039913-2, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>269</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=_1gFM51qpAMC&amp;pg=PA269#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:%282.2.2%29Kryptand&amp;rft.au=Catherine+E.+Housecroft%2C+A.+G.+Sharpe&amp;rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0130399132&amp;rft.pages=269&amp;rft.pub=Pearson+Education" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Hans-Jürgen_Biersack,_Leonard_M._Freeman-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hans-Jürgen_Biersack,_Leonard_M._Freeman_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans-Jürgen Biersack, Leonard M. Freeman: <cite style="font-style:italic">Clinical Nuclear Medicine</cite>. Springer Science &amp; Business Media, 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-28026-2, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>67</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=dZIBbLhTOoQC&amp;pg=PA67#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:%282.2.2%29Kryptand&amp;rft.au=Hans-J%C3%BCrgen+Biersack%2C+Leonard+M.+Freeman&amp;rft.btitle=Clinical+Nuclear+Medicine&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783540280262&amp;rft.pages=67&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Graham_L._Patrick-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Graham_L._Patrick_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Graham L. Patrick: <cite style="font-style:italic">An Introduction to Drug Synthesis</cite>. Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0-19-870843-8, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>383</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=9i_RBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA383#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:%282.2.2%29Kryptand&amp;rft.au=Graham+L.+Patrick&amp;rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Drug+Synthesis&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9780198708438&amp;rft.pages=383&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_Links_zu_erwähnten_Verbindungen"><span id="Externe_Links_zu_erw.C3.A4hnten_Verbindungen"></span>Externe Links zu erwähnten Verbindungen</h2></div>
<ol class="references" data-mw-group="S">
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Externe Identifikatoren von bzw. Datenbank-Links zu <span style="font-style:italic">Dibenzo[2.2.2]Kryptand</span>: <a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nr.</a>: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><span class="KeinCASLink" title="CAS-Nummer ohne Common-Chemistry-Eintrag">1030385-56-8</span><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>: <span class="wikidata-content"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/89973805">89973805</a></span><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131323638" class="extiw external" title="d:Q131323638">Q131323638</a>.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Externe Identifikatoren von bzw. Datenbank-Links zu <span style="font-style:italic">3,6-Dioxaoctandioyldichlorid</span>: <a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nr.</a>: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><span class="KeinCASLink" title="CAS-Nummer ohne Common-Chemistry-Eintrag">31255-09-1</span><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>: <span class="wikidata-content"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11106745">11106745</a></span><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.9281881.html"><span class="wikidata-content">9281881</span></a><span style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82277406" class="extiw external" title="d:Q82277406">Q82277406</a>.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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